
ad hominen means "to the person", so for example, calling somebody "a thick pretentious fuckwit who thinks that his public school latin gives him some sort of intellectual gravitas inevident in his discourse" would be both name calling and also an ad homoinen attack directed "to the person". to put them in seperate categories is redundant
As to your second point, I was refering to the definition for counter argument above which states "contraction with supporting evidence" which is also a good description of Refutation, as I said. It's a pointless pyramid designed only to impress the intellectually bereft
( , Fri 17 Aug 2018, 15:40, Reply)

( , Fri 17 Aug 2018, 16:03, Reply)

An ad hominem attack is not quite as weak as name-calling. It might actually carry some weight. For example, if a Boris Johnson wrote an article saying MP salaries should be increased, you could respond "Of course he would say that. He's an MP."
That wouldn't refute his argument, but it is at least relevant.
( , Fri 17 Aug 2018, 16:04, Reply)

And is probably the weakest form.
( , Fri 17 Aug 2018, 18:28, Reply)